Different countries and different people have different manners. We must find out their customs, so that they will not think us ill-mannered. Here are some examples of the things that a well-mannered person does or does not do. If you visit a Chinese family you should knock at the door first. When the door opens, you'll not move before the host says "Come in, please." After you enter the room, you wouldn't sit down until the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on a tea-table before you or sent to your hand, you'll say "Thank you" and receive it with your two hands, not one hand, or they'll think you are ill-mannered. Before entering a house in Japan, it is odd manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay house, a guest never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink or the food to show that he has enjoyed it. This will make the host, especially the hostess pleasant.
1. We must find out what the different manners are in different countries so that ___________. A. we won't be thought in poor health B. they won't think we are ill C. we can know what to do and what not to do when we go there D. we can give some examples
2. In China, when the host opens the door, _________ before he says "Come in, please!" A. you won't leave B. you won't walk C. you won't stand in front of him D. you won't get in
3. In Japan, it is good manners to take off your shoes ________. A. before your visitor enters your house B. before you enter the host's house C. before you visit a family D. before you sit down and receive a cup of tea
4. In European countries, _________ when you get into a house. A. you needn't take off your shoes B. you must take off your dirty shoes C. you are not allowed to wear dirty shoes D. you should put on clean shoes
5. In a Malay house, a guest leaves a little food _________. A. to show that he has enjoyed it B. to show that he can't have any more C. to show that he is not hungry at all D. to show that he needs some drink
2007年9月6日星期四
Sunflower Hill: Your Top-Rated Moab Lodging Option
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what is soa
What is SOA governance?
SOA governance is an extension of IT governance that focuses on the lifecycle of services and composite applications in an organization’s service-oriented architecture (SOA). The function of SOA governance is to define:
Decision rights for the development, deployment and management of new services.
Monitoring and reporting processes for capturing and communicating governance results. Because SOA applications are intrinsically fragmented, they introduce new governance challenges. But with the proper policies, principles, standards, procedures and processes in place, businesses can realize the full benefit of service orientation. An effective SOA governance platform not only helps business and IT teams better identify which projects contribute most to business goals, but it also empowers employees to work and collaborate more efficiently by clearly defining their roles and responsibilities.
What is service lifecycle management?
Once the SOA governance framework is implemented, it will be used in the model, assemble, deploy and manage phases within the SOA lifecycle. Related to the operational aspects of implementing SOA governance, service lifecycle management addresses how services will be developed, deployed and managed.
Service lifecycle management focuses on the development and deployment of services. SOA governance supplies the decision rights, processes and policies for those activities. Once a service is deployed, there must be management aspects in place to control and monitor the service.
Within service lifecycle management there is a set of functions that will need to be in place and governed to ensure that the value proposition of SOA, particularly reuse and cost reduction, is achieved.
March, 2006 - IBM announced our SOA Governance strategy and direction and tooling
October 2006 - Service Lifecycle Management was added to detail how SOA Governance will be operationalized within the SOA Lifecycle.
December 2006 - IBM featured Empowering the ‘A’ in SOA, which included a number of new and updated products targeted at approach to Service Lifecycle Management Architecture component.
Today - IBM is adding SOA Quality Management to our SOA Governance and Service Lifecycle Management
The announcement today focuses on extending the overall SOA Governance and Service Lifecycle Management capabilities with a set of new Rational test tools and updates to Tivoli products and GTS (Global Technology Services) Offerings.
The increased flexibility and cross-organizational nature of business services that SOA facilitates, requires that organizations establish a framework to implement active decision-making, accurate tracking, improved serviceability and better communication.
SOA governance is the mechanism to ensure that the decision making structure is solid, relationships between services and parties are managed and that there is compliance with the laws, policies, standards and procedures under which an organization operates.
Specifically SOA governance
Creates higher return from focused SOA investments
Aligns IT and business strategies, creates communication paths
Reduces coordination costs: less time wasted due to poorly-managed conflicts
Institutes efficient and effective decision making and clarity executing roles and accountability
Measures effectiveness of SOA
An enterprise that fails to realize the importance of an effective governance structure may not stand to benefit much from a SOA transition.
SOA governance is an extension of IT governance that focuses on the lifecycle of services and composite applications in an organization’s service-oriented architecture (SOA). The function of SOA governance is to define:
Decision rights for the development, deployment and management of new services.
Monitoring and reporting processes for capturing and communicating governance results. Because SOA applications are intrinsically fragmented, they introduce new governance challenges. But with the proper policies, principles, standards, procedures and processes in place, businesses can realize the full benefit of service orientation. An effective SOA governance platform not only helps business and IT teams better identify which projects contribute most to business goals, but it also empowers employees to work and collaborate more efficiently by clearly defining their roles and responsibilities.
What is service lifecycle management?
Once the SOA governance framework is implemented, it will be used in the model, assemble, deploy and manage phases within the SOA lifecycle. Related to the operational aspects of implementing SOA governance, service lifecycle management addresses how services will be developed, deployed and managed.
Service lifecycle management focuses on the development and deployment of services. SOA governance supplies the decision rights, processes and policies for those activities. Once a service is deployed, there must be management aspects in place to control and monitor the service.
Within service lifecycle management there is a set of functions that will need to be in place and governed to ensure that the value proposition of SOA, particularly reuse and cost reduction, is achieved.
March, 2006 - IBM announced our SOA Governance strategy and direction and tooling
October 2006 - Service Lifecycle Management was added to detail how SOA Governance will be operationalized within the SOA Lifecycle.
December 2006 - IBM featured Empowering the ‘A’ in SOA, which included a number of new and updated products targeted at approach to Service Lifecycle Management Architecture component.
Today - IBM is adding SOA Quality Management to our SOA Governance and Service Lifecycle Management
The announcement today focuses on extending the overall SOA Governance and Service Lifecycle Management capabilities with a set of new Rational test tools and updates to Tivoli products and GTS (Global Technology Services) Offerings.
The increased flexibility and cross-organizational nature of business services that SOA facilitates, requires that organizations establish a framework to implement active decision-making, accurate tracking, improved serviceability and better communication.
SOA governance is the mechanism to ensure that the decision making structure is solid, relationships between services and parties are managed and that there is compliance with the laws, policies, standards and procedures under which an organization operates.
Specifically SOA governance
Creates higher return from focused SOA investments
Aligns IT and business strategies, creates communication paths
Reduces coordination costs: less time wasted due to poorly-managed conflicts
Institutes efficient and effective decision making and clarity executing roles and accountability
Measures effectiveness of SOA
An enterprise that fails to realize the importance of an effective governance structure may not stand to benefit much from a SOA transition.
IPPE FEATURED EQUIPMENT
In falling film evaporators, liquid and vapors flow downwards in parallel flow. The liquid to be concentrated is preheated to boiling temperature. An even thin film enters the heating tubes via a distribution device in the head of the evaporator, flows downward at boiling temperature, and is partially evaporated. This gravity-induced downward movement is increasingly augmented by the co-current vapor flow.
Falling film evaporators can be operated with very low temperature differences between the heating media and the boiling liquid, and they also have very short product contact times, typically just a few seconds per pass. These characteristics make the falling film evaporator particularly suitable for heat-sensitive products, and it is today the most frequently used type of evaporator.Because of the low liquid holding volume in this type of unit, the falling film evaporator can be started up quickly and changed to cleaning mode or another product easily.
Falling film evaporators are highly responsive to alterations of parameters such as energy supply, vacuum, feed rate, concentrations, etc. When equipped with a well designed automatic control system they can produce a very consistent concentrated product.
The fact that falling film evaporators can be operated with small temperature differences makes it possible to use them in multiple effect configurations or with mechanical vapor compression systems in modern plants with very low energy consumption.In evaporators with Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR), the heating medium in the first effect is vapor developed in the same effect, compressed to a higher temperature by means of a high-pressure fan (MVR). Any excess vapor from the high heat section is condensed or may be utilized in a high concentrator.
IPPE has Available two Unitech Titanium falling film evaporators manufactured in 1993, These Evaporators include an Incoloy 825 vapor body which makes up an 15,862 Sq Ft heat transfer section made of 872 Grade 2 Titanium ( 2"OD tubes x 36' long ) and MVR compressor driven by a 500HP motor. The train’s design capacity is 92GPM ( distillate flow 83.95 GPM ). This converts to 44,457 lbs/hr water evaporation. International Process Plants and Equipment supplies evaporators, distillation plants, crystallizers and other thermal concentration / separation systems to the food, dairy, beverage, pharmaceutical, chemical (organic and inorganic), carbohydrate and food ingredients industries.
Falling film evaporators can be operated with very low temperature differences between the heating media and the boiling liquid, and they also have very short product contact times, typically just a few seconds per pass. These characteristics make the falling film evaporator particularly suitable for heat-sensitive products, and it is today the most frequently used type of evaporator.Because of the low liquid holding volume in this type of unit, the falling film evaporator can be started up quickly and changed to cleaning mode or another product easily.
Falling film evaporators are highly responsive to alterations of parameters such as energy supply, vacuum, feed rate, concentrations, etc. When equipped with a well designed automatic control system they can produce a very consistent concentrated product.
The fact that falling film evaporators can be operated with small temperature differences makes it possible to use them in multiple effect configurations or with mechanical vapor compression systems in modern plants with very low energy consumption.In evaporators with Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR), the heating medium in the first effect is vapor developed in the same effect, compressed to a higher temperature by means of a high-pressure fan (MVR). Any excess vapor from the high heat section is condensed or may be utilized in a high concentrator.
IPPE has Available two Unitech Titanium falling film evaporators manufactured in 1993, These Evaporators include an Incoloy 825 vapor body which makes up an 15,862 Sq Ft heat transfer section made of 872 Grade 2 Titanium ( 2"OD tubes x 36' long ) and MVR compressor driven by a 500HP motor. The train’s design capacity is 92GPM ( distillate flow 83.95 GPM ). This converts to 44,457 lbs/hr water evaporation. International Process Plants and Equipment supplies evaporators, distillation plants, crystallizers and other thermal concentration / separation systems to the food, dairy, beverage, pharmaceutical, chemical (organic and inorganic), carbohydrate and food ingredients industries.
A house in Clarktown caught fire
A house in Clarktown caught fire on Christmas Eve,1982.The woman who lived in the house was already in her eighties. Being in poor health, she had trouble in walking even when things were fine. With her house burning down around her, she was not able to go anywhere. The smoke made her choke(窒息).The fire was very hot, without quick help she would have died. Fire fighters got to the house. They started to put the fire out. They did not know the old woman was still inside. The people heard her crying for help. The fire was still very hot, and there was lots of smoke. A man dressed like Santa Claus(圣诞老人)was passing by. He was on his way to give gifts to poor families. When he heard the old woman's cry, he ran into the burning house. After a while he rushed out with the old woman on his back and carried her to safety. Then as quickly as he had done that, the man left.
1. When the house was burning, the old woman ______________.A.was sleepingB.didn't know what was happeningC.was too old to moveD.didn't cry for help
2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.The people didn't hear her crying for help.B.Santa Claus was on his way to give gifts to the old woman.C.The heavy smoke prevented people from saving the old woman.D.The old woman didn't know who had saved her.
3. "Without quick help she would have died" means ______________． A.The woman died at last.B.The old woman did get quick help.C.The old woman didn't get quick help.D.The old woman needed quick help.
4. Who saved the old woman?A.A fire fighter． B. A man dressed like Santa Claus． C.A poor man． D.Her neighbours．
5. The best title for this passage is _____________.A. Christmas Eve B. A Burning HouseC. An Unknown HeroD. An old woman
1. When the house was burning, the old woman ______________.A.was sleepingB.didn't know what was happeningC.was too old to moveD.didn't cry for help
2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.The people didn't hear her crying for help.B.Santa Claus was on his way to give gifts to the old woman.C.The heavy smoke prevented people from saving the old woman.D.The old woman didn't know who had saved her.
3. "Without quick help she would have died" means ______________． A.The woman died at last.B.The old woman did get quick help.C.The old woman didn't get quick help.D.The old woman needed quick help.
4. Who saved the old woman?A.A fire fighter． B. A man dressed like Santa Claus． C.A poor man． D.Her neighbours．
5. The best title for this passage is _____________.A. Christmas Eve B. A Burning HouseC. An Unknown HeroD. An old woman
The science of physics
The science of physics today is as current as the morning newspaper. Indeed, as a result of new advances in physics and their rapid application to inventions designed to satisfy man's wants. The world itself has been changing rapidly. Space technology, industrial technology, and the technology of the home, the farm, the office, the bank, and the department store have all been revolutionized. Clearly, every grown-up today would understand the world he lives in much better if he knew something about physics. Whether it be Congress (美国国会) voting huge sums of money for new warships, space exploration, or atomic energy；the office staff learning to use a new computer；son Bobby wanting to know about going to the moon；or the housewife learning to operate a new electric stove, physics seems to be everywhere. Teachers in thousands of schoolrooms in America are trying to communicate some of the excitement and importance of these new developments to their students. They know that some of their eager students will someday be scientists and will themselves then contribute (贡献) to the development of new knowledge or its application to new things. But in any case, they can be sure that if they bring a knowledge of science (any science) to their students in meaningful and stimulating ways, they have contributed much to helping each one live a more meaningful life.
1. The application of new advances in physics to inventions______.A. may solve all the problems in teachingB. can help people understand the meaning of life C. is intended to meet people's needsD. makes people understand the voting rules of the Congress.
2. According to the passage, many American teachers are making efforts to do all of the following EXCEPT______。A. stimulating their students' curiosity in physicsB. making their students understand the importance of physicsC. giving their students the information of new advances in scienceD. creating excitement about physical education among their students
3. The word "themselves" in the third paragraph refers to______.A. some of the eager studentsB. the students in the classroomC. the teachers giving lessonsD. all the scientists in physics
4. The first two paragraphs of the passage mainly tell us about ______.A. new advances in physicsB. the use of physics in our lifeC. the science of physics D. modern developments in science
1. The application of new advances in physics to inventions______.A. may solve all the problems in teachingB. can help people understand the meaning of life C. is intended to meet people's needsD. makes people understand the voting rules of the Congress.
2. According to the passage, many American teachers are making efforts to do all of the following EXCEPT______。A. stimulating their students' curiosity in physicsB. making their students understand the importance of physicsC. giving their students the information of new advances in scienceD. creating excitement about physical education among their students
3. The word "themselves" in the third paragraph refers to______.A. some of the eager studentsB. the students in the classroomC. the teachers giving lessonsD. all the scientists in physics
4. The first two paragraphs of the passage mainly tell us about ______.A. new advances in physicsB. the use of physics in our lifeC. the science of physics D. modern developments in science
A thief who dropped a winning lottery ticket
A thief who dropped a winning lottery ticket (彩票) at the scene of his crime has been given a lesson in honesty. His victim, who picked up the ticket, then claimed the $25,000 prize, managed to trace him, and handed over the cash, The robbery happened when maths professor Vinicio Sabbatocei was changing a tyre on an Italian motorway. Another motorist, who stopped "to help", stole a suitcase from his car and drove off. The professor found the dropped ticket and put it in his pocket before driving home to Ascoli in eastern Italy. Next day, he saw the lottery results on TV and, taking out the ticket, realized it was a winner. He claimed the 60 million lire (里拉) prize. Then he began a battle with his conscience. Finally, he decided he could not keep the money despite having been robbed. He advertised in newspapers and on radio, saying: "I'm trying to find the man who robbed me. I have 60 million lire for him-a lottery win. Please meet me, Anonymity (匿名) guaranteed." Professor Sabbatucei received hundreds of calls from people hoping to trick him into handing them the cash. But there was one voice he recognized -and he arranged to meet the man in a park. The robber, a 35-year-old unemployed father of two, gave back the suitcase and burst into tears. He could not believe what was happening. "Why didn't you keep the money?" he asked. The professor replied: " I couldn't because it's not mine." Then he walked off, spurning the thief's offer of a reward.
1. The sentence " Then he began a battle with his conscience," in paragraph 2 implies all of the following EXCEPT that _______ .A. he knew what he should do as soon as he saw the lottery results B. he hesitated about keeping the money for some timeC. he thought for a moment of avenging himself on the robberD. he came to realize that honesty is more important than money
2. Hundreds of people phoned professor Sahhatucci because they_______ .A. wanted to make fun of him B. hoped to get the moneyC. knew who the robber wasD. lost the lottery ticket
3. The word "spurning" in the last sentence can be replaced by________ .A. accepting B. claiming C. rejecting D. canceling
4. If the story appears in a newspaper, the best title might be________.A. A Thief's Lucky Day B. A Popular Maths ProfessorC. A Magic Lottery D. A Reward of Honesty
1. The sentence " Then he began a battle with his conscience," in paragraph 2 implies all of the following EXCEPT that _______ .A. he knew what he should do as soon as he saw the lottery results B. he hesitated about keeping the money for some timeC. he thought for a moment of avenging himself on the robberD. he came to realize that honesty is more important than money
2. Hundreds of people phoned professor Sahhatucci because they_______ .A. wanted to make fun of him B. hoped to get the moneyC. knew who the robber wasD. lost the lottery ticket
3. The word "spurning" in the last sentence can be replaced by________ .A. accepting B. claiming C. rejecting D. canceling
4. If the story appears in a newspaper, the best title might be________.A. A Thief's Lucky Day B. A Popular Maths ProfessorC. A Magic Lottery D. A Reward of Honesty
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